[ 谢雪凯 ]——(2013-11-21) / 已阅18339次
[42]Gershcwin Publ's Corp.vColumbia Artists Mgmt., Inc，443 F.2d 1159, 1162 （2d Cir. 1971）;Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction,Inc., 76 F.3d 259, 264 （9th Cir. 1996）;Ellison v. Robertson, 357 F.3d 1072, 1076 （9th Cir. 2004）.
[43]Restatement of the Law, Second, Torts, § 12（1）：The words “should know” are used throughout the Restatement of this Subject to denote the fact that a person of reasonable prudence and intelligence or of the superior intelligence of the actor would ascertain the fact in question in the performance of his duty to another, or would govern his conduct upon the assumption that such fact exists.
[44]DMCA's knowledge standard “differs from existing law, under whichadefendant may be liable for contributory infringement if it knows or should have known that the material was infringing.” See House of Representatives, Report 105-796, 105th Congress,2d Session, 1998, p25.
[45]值得注意的是，最高人民法院在《关于审理侵犯信息网络传播权民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》（征求意见稿）第8条中结合审判实践列举出判断“明知”和“应知”的具体情形：可以根据案件的具体情况、网络服务提供者提供服务的性质、方式及其引发侵权的可能性大小，综合考虑以下因素：（一）网络服务提供者应当具备的管理信息的能力；（二）传播的作品、表演、录音录像制品的类型、知名度及侵权信息的明显程度；（二）网络服务提供者因传播作品、表演、录音录像制品的直接获利情况；（四）网络服务提供者是否主动对作品、表演、录音录像制品进行了选择、编辑、修改、推荐等；（五）网络服务提供者是否采取了同行业普遍采取的、预防侵权的技术措施，对侵权通知是否做出合理的反应；（六）网络服务提供者是否针对同一作品的重复侵权行为采取了相应的合理措施……殊值借鉴。
出处:《东方法学》2013年第2期
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