<blockquote id="weqoq"></blockquote>
<tr id="weqoq"><code id="weqoq"></code></tr>
  • <tr id="weqoq"><code id="weqoq"></code></tr>
  • <legend id="weqoq"></legend>
  • <center id="weqoq"><sup id="weqoq"></sup></center>
  • <legend id="weqoq"><input id="weqoq"></input></legend>
  • ·¨ÂÉͼÊé¹Ý

  • з¨¹æËÙµÝ

  • ÐÐÕþÈÎÎñ±äǨϵÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨¸Ä¸ï

    [ Ö£´ºÑà ]¡ª¡ª(2012-2-9) / ÒÑÔÄ11835´Î

    ¿É¼û£¬ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯×÷ΪÐÐÕþ»î¶¯µÄÖ÷Ì壬ÓëÆäÏà¹ØµÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨µÄ±ä¸ï£¬±ØÈ»»áÒý·¢ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§»ù´¡ÀíÂ۵ġ°µØÕ𡱡£ÎÒÃÇӦץס¹«¹²ÐÐÕþ¸Ä¸ïµÄÆõ»ú£¬ÒÔÍêÉÆÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨Ñо¿ÎªÖ§µã£¬Ç˶¯ÐÐÕþ·¨»ù´¡ÀíÂÛǰÐеijµÂÖ£¬ÔÚÃÖ²¹´«Í³ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§»ù´¡ÀíÂÛȱ©Óë¿Õ°×µÄͬʱ£¬¶ÔÐÐÕþʵ¼ùµÄз¢Õ¹£¬×÷³öÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§Ñо¿Ó¦ÓеĻØÓ¦¡£



    ×¢ÊÍ:
    [1] ËïÁ¢Æ½£º¡¶×ÜÌåÐÔÉç»áÑо¿¡ª¡ª¶Ô¸Ä¸ïǰÖйúÉç»á½á¹¹µÄ¸ÅÒª·ÖÎö¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÖйúÉç»á¿ÆÑ§¼¾¿¯¡·1993ÄêµÚ1¾í¡£
    [2] ÐÐÕþÈÎÎñÊǹú¼ÒÈÎÎñµÄÒ»ÖÖÐÎʽ£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓÉÐÐÕþ»ú¹Ø¼°ÆäËû¹«È¨Á¦Ö÷Ì帺ÔðʵʩµÄ£¬¾­·¨Âɹ淶ȷ¶¨µÄ¹«¹²ÈÎÎñ¡£²Î¼ûÕ²ÕòÈÙ£º¡¶¹ú¼ÒÈÎÎñ¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Ôµ©·¨Ñ§½ÌÊÒ¡·µÚ3ÆÚ£¨2003Äê1Ô£©¡£
    [3] й«¹²¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ²»½öÒªÇóͶÈë²ú³öÒâÒåÉϵÄЧÂʼÛÖµ£¬¸üÒªÇóʵÏÖÕþ¸®Ä¿±êÒâÒåÉϵÄÐÂЧÂʹÛ£¬¼´Ò»ÖÖÐÐÕþЧÄÜ¡£See David H. Rosenbloom, James D£®Carroll, Jonathan D£®Carroll, Constitutional Competence for Public Managers: Cases and Commentary, F£®E£®Peacock Publishers, Inc, 2000, pp.125-126. [4] ²Î¼ûÓ¦ËÉÄꡢѦ¸ÕÁ裺¡¶ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨ÓëÒÀ·¨ÐÐÕþ¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¡·1998ÄêµÚ1ÆÚ¡£
    [5] È罪Ã÷°²¡¢Éò¿ù£º¡¶·¨ÖÎÔ­ÔòÓ빫¹²ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯¡ª¡ªÂÛ¼ÓÇ¿ºÍÍêÉÆÎÒ¹úÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨µÄÒâÒåºÍ;¾¶¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¡·1998ÄêµÚ4ÆÚ£»ÔøÏéÈ𣺡¶ÂÛÈÕ±¾ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÀàÐͼ°¹«Îï¡¢ÓªÔìÎï¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¡·1999ÄêµÚ4ÆÚµÈ¡£
    [6] ÀÁÖ£º¡¶Öйúµ¥Î»Éç»á£ºÒéÂÛ¡¢Ë¼¿¼ÓëÑо¿¡·£¬ÊÀ¼Í³ö°æ¼¯ÍÅ¡¢ÉϺ£ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç2004Äê7԰棬µÚ6Ò³¡£
    [7] Îâ¸Õ£º¡¶ÀàÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¢Õ¹ÓëÐÐÕþÌåÖÆ¸Ä¸ï¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶¹ú¼ÒÐÐÕþѧԺѧ±¨¡·2000ÄêµÚ3ÆÚ£»Ñ¦¸ÕÁ裺¡¶WTOÓëÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨¸Ä¸ï¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Õþ·¨ÂÛ̳¡·2002ÄêµÚ1ÆÚ£»Ó¦ËÉÄ꣺¡¶·ÇÕþ¸®×éÖ¯µÄÈô¸É·¨ÂÉÎÊÌâ¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶±±¾©ÁªºÏ´óѧѧ±¨¡·2003ÄêµÚ9ÆÚ£»ÀÓ¡¢³Ìͦ£º¡¶·ÇÕþ¸®×éÖ¯ÔÚ³ÇÊÐÖÎÀíÖеÄ×÷Óá¢ÎÊÌâºÍ¶Ô²ß¨D¨DÒÔÉϺ£ÎªÀý¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÏÜ·¨Ñ§¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§¡·£¨ÈË´ó¸´Ó¡×ÊÁÏ£©2004ÄêµÚ6ÆÚµÈ¡£
    [8] See David Osborne, Peter Plastrik, The Reinventor's Fieldbood: Tools for Transforming Your Government, Jossey-Bass, Inc£®a John Wiley & Sons, Inc£®company£®2000, p11.
    [9] ÖÆ¶È±£ÕÏ£¬ÒâָijÖÖ»ù±¾È¨Àû£¬²»½öÒÀ¾Ý·¨ÂɵÄÖ±½Ó¹æ¶¨Êܵ½±£»¤£¬¸üÊÇÐγÉÁËÍêÉÆµÄÖÆ¶ÈÌåϵ¼ÓÒÔÈ«Ãæ±£ÕÏ¡£ÓйØÖƶȱ£ÕϵĽéÉÜ£¬¿É²Î¼û[ÈÕ]«²¿ÐÅϲ£º¡¶ÏÜ·¨¡·£¬Àîºèϲ Ò룬̨ÍåÔµ©³ö°æÉç1994Äê°æ£¬µÚ103Ò³ÒÔÏ¡£
    [10] Éò¿ù£º¡¶¹«¹²ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯½¨¹¹µÄºÏ·¨»¯½øÂ·¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¡·2005ÄêµÚ4ÆÚ¡£ÎÄÕ¶Դ«Í³ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨ÀíÂÛÒÔÐÎʽ·¨ÖεÄÍ걸£¬Ó¦¶Ô¹«¹²ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¢Õ¹µÄµ¥Ò»Ô­ÒòÂÛ¡¢ÀíÏëµÄÐÎʽ¹æ·¶Ö÷ÒåºÍ¾ø¶ÔµÄ½¨¹¹ÀíÐÔÖ÷ÒåÇãÏò£¬×÷³öÁËÅúÅУ¬²¢Ìá³öÁ˶àÏòÔ­ÒòÂÛ¡¢¾­ÑéµÄʵÖʹ淶Ö÷ÒåºÍ¸´ºÏÀíÐÔÖ÷ÒåµÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨Ñо¿·½·¨¡£
    [11] ³Â°®¶ð£º¡¶¹ú¼Ò½ÇÉ«±äǨϵÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Ôµ©·¨Ñ§½ÌÊÒ¡·µÚ1ÆÚ£¨2002Äê11Ô£©¡£
    [12] [µÂ]Âí¿Ë˼•Τ²®£º¡¶¾­¼ÃÓëÉç»á¡·£¨Ï£©£¬ÁÖÈÙÔ¶Ò룬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý1997Äê°æ£¬µÚ279Ò³¡£
    [13] ÈçÎÒ¹úÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§½ç¶ÔÉϼ¶Î¥·¨ÃüÁîϹ«ÎñÔ±µØÎ»µÄÌÖÂÛ£¬¾Í½è¼øÁË·¨¹úµÄÏà¹ØÑо¿£º¡°¹«ÎñÔ±µÄ·þ´ÓÒåÎñ²»ÊǾø¶ÔÐÔÖÊ£¬¹«ÎñÔ±¶ÔÓÚÃ÷ÏÔ¶øÑÏÖØµÄÎ¥·¨ÃüÁÓоܾø·þ´ÓµÄÒåÎñ¡£¡±²Î¼ûÍõÃûÑ¡¶·¨¹úÐÐÕþ·¨¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1988Äê°æ£¬µÚ749Ò³¡£
    [14] ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧµÄѦ¸ÕÁè½ÌÊÚнü³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÐÐÕþÌåÖÆ¸Ä¸ïÑо¿¡·ÖУ¬²Å±ÙרÕÂÌÖÂÛÁ˲ÆÕþÌåÖÆ¸Ä¸ïµÄÎÊÌâ¡£²Î¼ûѦ¸ÕÁ裺¡¶ÐÐÕþÌåÖÆ¸Ä¸ïÑо¿¡·£¬±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç2006Äê°æ£¬µÚ13Õ¡£
    [15] ³Â°®¶ð£º¡¶ÐÐÕþÈÎÎñÈ¡ÏòµÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯·¨¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Ôµ©·¨Ñ§½ÌÊÒ¡·µÚ5ÆÚ£¨2003Äê3Ô£©¡£
    [16]Carol Harlow£®Richard Rawlings, Law and Administration, Butterworths, London, Edinburgh, Dublin£®1997£®p136.
    [17] David Osborne, Peter Plastrik, Banishing Bureaucracy: The Five Strategies for Reinventing Government, Preseus Publishing, A Subsidiary of Perseus Publishing, 2000, p.147.
    [18] ÁÖÈýÇÕ£º¡¶¿¼¼¨³Í´¦Ö®ºÏÏÜÐÔ¼°Æä¾È¼Ã³ÌÐò¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÏÜÕþʱ´ú¡·µÚ25¾íµÚ4ÆÚ¡£
    [19] ÀîºéÀ×£º¡¶ÆäËû³Ðµ£ÐÐÕþÈÎÎñµÄÖ÷Ìå¡·£¬ÔØÓ¦ËÉÄêÖ÷±à£º¡¶µ±´úÖйúÐÐÕþ·¨¡·£¨ÉÏ£©£¬Öйú·½Õý³ö°æÉç2005Äê°æ£¬µÚ377Ò³¡£
    [20] Ðí×ÚÁ¦£º¡¶¹ú¼Ò»ú¹ØµÄ·¨ÈË»¯©¤©¤ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÔÙÔìµÄÁíһѡÔñ;¾¶¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Ôµ©·¨Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾¡·µÚ57ÆÚ£¨2000Äê2Ô£©¡£
    [21] RICHARD J£®PIERCE, The Inherent Limits on Judicial Control of Agency Discretion: The D.C. Circuit and the Nondelegation Doctrine, 52 ADMIN£®L£®REV£®63.
    [22] [ÃÀ]Àí²éµÂ•B•˹ͼ¶ûÌØ£º¡¶ÃÀ¹úÐÐÕþ·¨µÄÖØ¹¹¡·£¬Éò¿ù Ò룬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý2002Äê°æ£¬µÚ196Ò³¡£
    [23] Joseph£®P£®Tomain£¬Sidney£®A£®Shapiro, Analyzing Government regulation, 49 Admin£® L£®Rev£®380£® 1977.
    [24] Ƥ´¿Ð­¡¢Íõ´Ô»¢£º¡¶ÐÐÕþÖ÷ÌåµÄÐÐÕþ·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄÑݽø¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¡·2000ÄêµÚ2ÆÚ¡£
    [25] ÐíÎÄÒ壺¡¶´ÓÏÜ·¨¹æ·¶¹ÛµãÂÛ¹«ÎñÔ±³Í½äÖÆ¶ÈÓëʵ¼Ê¡·£¬¡¶ÏÜÕþʱ´ú¡·µÚ25¾íµÚ4ÆÚ¡£

    ×ܹ²2Ò³¡¡¡¡[1] 2

    ÉÏÒ»Ò³¡¡¡¡

    ==========================================

    ÃâÔðÉùÃ÷£º
    ÉùÃ÷£º±¾ÂÛÎÄÓÉ¡¶·¨ÂÉͼÊé¹Ý¡·ÍøÕ¾Êղأ¬
    ½ö¹©Ñ§ÊõÑо¿²Î¿¼Ê¹Óã¬
    °æÈ¨ÎªÔ­×÷ÕßËùÓУ¬Î´¾­×÷ÕßͬÒ⣬²»µÃ×ªÔØ¡£

    ==========================================

    ÂÛÎÄ·ÖÀà

    A ·¨Ñ§ÀíÂÛ

    C ¹ú¼Ò·¨¡¢ÏÜ·¨

    E ÐÐÕþ·¨

    F ÐÌ·¨

    H Ãñ·¨

    I ÉÌ·¨

    J ¾­¼Ã·¨

    N ËßËÏ·¨

    S ˾·¨ÖƶÈ

    T ¹ú¼Ê·¨


    Copyright © 1999-2021 ·¨ÂÉͼÊé¹Ý

    .

    .

    Å·ÃÀ¾«Æ·Ò»Çø¶þÇøÃÛÍÎÑÇÖÞ <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Ö©Öë´Ê>| <Îı¾Á´> <Îı¾Á´> <Îı¾Á´> <Îı¾Á´> <Îı¾Á´> <Îı¾Á´>