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    ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

    Important Notice: (×¢ÒâÊÂÏî)
    Ó¢Îı¾Ô´×ÔÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÎñÔº·¨ÖƾֱàÒë, Öйú·¨ÖƳö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÉæÍâ·¨¹æ»ã±à¡·(1991Äê7Ô°æ).
    µ±·¢ÉúÆçÒâʱ, Ó¦ÒÔ·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æ°ä²¼µ¥Î»·¢²¼µÄÖÐÎÄÔ­ÎÄΪ׼.
    This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
    PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
    which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
    Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
    Legal System Publishing House.
    In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

    Whole Document (·¨¹æÈ«ÎÄ)
    ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
    (Adopted at the Second Session of the Seventh National People's
    Congress on April 4, 1989, promulgated by Order No. 16 of the President of
    the People's Republic of China on April 4, 1989, and effective as of
    October 1, 1990)

    Contents
    Chapter I General Provisions
    Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases
    Chapter III Jurisdiction
    Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings
    Chapter V Evidence
    Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case
    Chapter VII Trial and Judgment
    Chapter VIII Execution
    Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights
    Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interest
    Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

    Chapter I General Provisions
    Article 1
    Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law is enacted for the purpose of
    ensuring the correct and prompt handling of administrative cases by the
    people's courts, protecting the lawful rights and interests of citizens,
    legal persons and other organizations, and safeguarding and supervising
    the exercise of administrative powers by administrative organs in
    accordance with the law.
    Article 2
    If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization considers that his
    or its lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by a specific
    administrative act of an administrative organ or its personnel, he or it
    shall have the right to bring a suit before a people's court in accordance
    with this Law.
    Article 3
    The people's courts shall, in accordance with the law, exercise judicial
    power independently with respect to administrative cases, and shall not be
    subject to interference by any administrative organ, public organization
    or individual. The people's courts shall set up administrative divisions
    for the handling of administrative cases.
    Article 4
    In conducting administrative proceedings, the people's courts shall base
    themselves on facts and take the law as the criterion.
    Article 5
    In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall examine the
    legality of specific administrative acts.
    Article 6
    In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall, as prescribed
    by law, apply the systems of collegial panel, withdrawal of judicial
    personnel and public trial and a system whereby the second instance is the
    final instance.
    Article 7
    Parties to an administrative suit shall have equal legal positions.
    Article 8
    Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native
    spoken and written languages in administrative proceedings.
    In an area where people of a minority nationality live in concentrated
    communities or where a number of nationalities live together, the people's
    courts shall conduct adjudication and issue legal documents in the
    language or languages commonly used by the local nationalities.
    The people's courts shall provide interpretation for participants in
    proceedings who do not understand the language or languages commonly used
    by the local nationalities.
    Article 9
    Parties to an administrative suit shall have the right to debate.
    Article 10
    The people's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal
    supervision over administrative proceedings.

    Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases
    Article 11
    The people's courts shall accept suits brought by citizens, legal persons
    or other organizations against any of the following specific
    administrative acts:
    (1) an administrative sanction, such as detention, fine, rescission of a
    license or permit, order to suspend production or business or confiscation
    of property, which one refuses to accept;
    (2) a compulsory administrative measure, such as restricting freedom of
    the person or the sealing up, seizing or freezing of property, which one
    refuses to accept;
    (3) infringement upon one's managerial decision-making powers, which is
    considered to have been perpetrated by an administrative organ;
    (4) refusal by an administrative organ to issue a permit or license, which
    one considers oneself legally qualified to apply for, or its failure to
    respond to the application;
    (5) refusal by an administrative organ to perform its statutory duty of
    protecting one's rights of the person and of property, as one has applied
    for, or its failure to respond to the application;
    (6) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have failed to
    issue a pension according to law;
    (7) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have illegally
    demanded the performance of duties; and
    (8) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have infringed
    upon other rights of the person and of property.
    Apart from the provisions set forth in the preceding paragraphs, the
    people's courts shall accept other administrative suits which may be
    brought in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and
    regulations.
    Article 12
    The people's courts shall not accept suits brought by citizens, legal
    persons or other organizations against any of the following matters:
    (1) acts of the state in areas like national defence and foreign affairs;
    (2) administrative rules and regulations, regulations, or decisions and
    orders with general binding force formulated and announced by
    administrative organs;
    (3) decisions of an administrative organ on awards or punishments for its
    personnel or on the appointment or relief of duties of its personnel; and
    (4) specific administrative acts that shall, as provided for by law, be
    finally decided by an administrative organ.

    Chapter III Jurisdiction
    Article 13
    The basic people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first
    instance over administrative cases.
    Article 14
    The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of
    first instance over the following administrative cases:
    (1) cases of confirming patent rights of invention and cases handled by
    the Customs;
    (2) suits against specific administrative acts undertaken by departments
    under the State Council or by the people's governments of provinces,
    autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central
    Government; and
    (3) grave and complicated cases in areas under their jurisdiction.
    Article 15
    The higher people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first
    instance over grave and complicated administrative cases in areas under
    their jurisdiction.
    Article 16
    The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as a court of first
    instance over grave and complicated administrative cases in the whole
    country.
    Article 17
    An administrative case shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's
    court in the locality of the administrative organ that initially undertook
    the specific administrative act. A reconsidered case in which the organ
    conducting the reconsideration has amended the original specific
    administrative act may also be placed under the jurisdiction of the
    people's court in the locality of the administrative organ conducting the
    reconsideration.
    Article 18
    A suit against compulsory administrative measures restricting freedom of
    the person shall be under the jurisdiction of a people's court in the
    place where the defendant or the plaintiff is located.
    Article 19
    An administrative suit regarding a real property shall be under the
    jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the real property is
    located.
    Article 20
    When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over a suit, the
    plaintiff may have the option to bring the suit in one of these people's
    courts. If the plaintiff brings the suit in two or more people's courts
    that have jurisdiction over the suit, the people's court that first
    receives the bill of complaint shall have jurisdiction.
    Article 21
    If a people's court finds that a case it has accepted is not under its
    jurisdiction, it shall transfer the case to the people's court that does
    have jurisdiction over the case. The people's court to which the case has
    been transferred shall not on its own initiative transfer it to another
    people's court.
    Article 22
    If a people's court which has jurisdiction over a case is unable to
    exercise its jurisdiction for special reasons, a people's court at a
    higher level shall designate another court to exercise the jurisdiction.
    If a dispute arises over jurisdiction between people's courts, it shall be
    resolved by the parties to the dispute through consultation. If the
    dispute cannot be resolved through consultation, it shall be reported to a
    people's court superior to the courts in dispute for the designation of
    jurisdiction.
    Article 23
    People's courts at higher levels shall have the authority to adjudicate
    administrative cases over which people's courts at lower levels have
    jurisdiction as courts of first instance; they may also transfer
    administrative cases over which they themselves have jurisdiction as
    courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial. If
    a people's court deems it necessary for an administrative case of first
    instance under its jurisdiction to be adjudicated by a people's court at a
    higher level, it may report to such a people's court for decision.

    Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings
    Article 24
    A citizen, a legal person or any other organization that brings a suit in
    accordance with this Law shall be a plaintiff.
    If a citizen who has the right to bring a suit is deceased, his near
    relatives may bring the suit.
    If a legal person or any other organization that has the right to bring a
    suit terminates, the legal person or any other organization that succeeds
    to its rights may bring the suit.
    Article 25
    If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, brings a suit
    directly before a people's court, the administrative organ that undertook
    the specific administrative act shall be the defendant.
    For a reconsidered case, if the organ that conducted the reconsideration
    sustains the original specific administrative act, the administrative
    organ that initially undertook the act shall be the defendant; if the
    organ that conducted the reconsideration has amended the original specific
    administrative act, the administrative organ which conducted the
    reconsideration shall be the defendant.
    If two or more administrative organs have undertaken the same specific
    administrative act, the administrative organs that have jointly undertaken
    the act shall be the joint defendants.
    If a specific administrative act has been undertaken by an organization
    authorized to undertake the act by the law or regulations, the
    organization shall be the defendant. If a specific administrative act has
    been undertaken by an organization as entrusted by an administrative
    organ, the entrusting organ shall be the defendant.
    If an administrative organ has been abolished, the administrative organ
    that carries on the exercise of functions and powers of the abolished
    organ shall be the defendant.
    Article 26
    A joint suit shall be constituted when one party or both parties consist
    of two or more persons and the administrative cases are against the same
    specific administrative act or against the specific administrative acts of
    the same nature and the people's court considers that the cases can be
    handled together.
    Article 27
    If any other citizen, legal person or any other organization has interests
    in a specific administrative act under litigation, he or it may, as a
    third party, file a request to participate in the proceedings or may
    participate in them when so notified by the people's court.
    Article 28
    Any citizen with no capacity to take part in litigation shall have one or
    more legal representatives who will act on his behalf in a suit. If the
    legal representatives try to shift their responsibilities onto each other,
    the people's court may appoint one of them as the representative of the
    principal in litigation.
    Article 29
    Each party or legal representative may entrust one or two persons to
    represent him in litigation.
    A lawyer, a public organization, a near relative of the citizen bringing
    the suit, or a person recommended by the unit to which the citizen
    bringing the suit belongs or any other citizen approved by the people's
    court may be entrusted as an agent ad litem.
    Article 30
    A lawyer who serves as an agent ad litem may consult materials pertaining
    to the case in accordance with relevant provisions, and may also
    investigate among and collect evidence from the organizations and citizens
    concerned. If the information involves state secrets or the private
    affairs of individuals, he shall keep it confidential in accordance with
    relevant provisions of the law.
    With the approval of the people's court, parties and other agents ad litem
    may consult the materials relating to the court proceedings of the case,
    except those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of
    individuals.

    Chapter V Evidence
    Article 31
    Evidence shall be classified as follows:
    (1) documentary evidence;
    (2) material evidence;
    (3) audio-visual material;
    (4) testimony of witnesses;
    (5) statements of the parties;
    (6) expert conclusions; and
    (7) records of inquests and records made on the scene.
    Any of the above-mentioned evidence must be verified by the court before
    it can be taken as a basis for ascertaining a fact.
    Article 32
    The defendant shall have the burden of proof for the specific
    administrative act he has undertaken and shall provide the evidence and
    regulatory documents in accordance with which the act has been undertaken.
    Article 33
    In the course of legal proceedings, the defendant shall not by himself
    collect evidence from the plaintiff and witnesses.
    Article 34
    A people's court shall have the authority to request the parties to
    provide or supplement evidence.
    A people's court shall have the authority to obtain evidence from the
    relevant administrative organs, other organizations or citizens.
    Article 35
    In the course of legal proceedings, when a people's court considers that
    an expert evaluation for a specialized problem is necessary, the expert
    evaluation shall be made by an expert evaluation department as specified
    by law. In the absence of such a department, the people's court shall
    designate one to conduct the expert evaluation.

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