±¾ÈËÊé·¿µÄÊé¼ÜÉÏÒÑÓÐÁùÌ×¹«·¨Òë´ÔÁË£º
ÂÞºÀ²ÅÖ÷±à£¬ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý³ö°æµÄ¡¶¹«·¨ÃûÖøÒë´Ô¡·£»
ÁºÖÎÆ½¡¢ºØÎÀ·½Ö÷±à£¬Éú»î¡£¶ÁÊ飮ÐÂÖªÈýÁªÊéµê³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÏÜÕþÒë´Ô¡·£»
³Â¶Ëºé¡¢µÔС²¨Ö÷±à£¬·¨Âɳö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÏÜÕþ¹Å½ñÒë´Ô¡·£»
·¶ÑÇ·åµÈ²ß»®£¬¹óÖÝÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡·£»
ÂÞºÀ²Å¡¢ÕÅÖ¾¼áÖ÷±à£¬Áɺ£³ö°æÉç¡¢´º·çÎÄÒÕ³ö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶·¨¹ú¹«·¨Ó빫¹²ÐÐÕþÃûÖøÒë´Ô¡·£»
³Â¶ËºéÖ÷±à£¬¸ßµÈ½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶·¨ÂɳÌÐòÓëÐÐÕþ¹ý³ÌÒë´Ô¡·¡£
´ËÍ⣬Öйú´ó°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé³ö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶Íâ¹ú·¨ÂÉÎĿ⡷¡¢ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý³ö°æµÄ¡¶ººÒëÊÀ½çѧÊõÃûÖø´ÔÊé¡·¡¢»ªÏijö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍÎĿ⡷¡¢ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç³ö°æµÄ¡¶µ±´ú·¨Ñ§ÃûÖøÒë´Ô¡·µÈÎĿ⡢Òë´ÔµÄÑ¡ÌâÖУ¬Ò²ÓÐΪÊý²»ÉٵĹ«·¨ÒëÖøÑ¡Ìâ¡£
ÄÇô£¬ÎÒÃÇΪʲô»¹Òª²ß»®ºÍ×éÖ¯³ö°æÕâÌ×¹«·¨Òë´ÔÒ»Ò»¡¶·¨Ñ§Òë´Ô£®¹«·¨ÏµÁС·ÄØ?ÎÒÃDz߻®ºÍ×éÖ¯µÄÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±ÓÐÊ²Ã´ÌØÉ«ÄØ?
Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÎÒÃDz߻®ºÍ×éÖ¯³ö°æÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±ÊÇ»ØÓ¦Ê±´úµÄÐèÇó¡£Ç°ÊöÏÖÒѳö°æµÄÊýÌ×Òë´Ô´ó¶àÊÇÉÏÊÀ¼Í²ß»®ºÍ×éÖ¯µÄ£¬¶øÇÒÆäÑ¡Ìâ´ó¶àÊǹŵ乫·¨ÃûÖø£¬ÈçÑÇÀïÊ¿¶àµÂµÄ¡¶ÑŵäÕþÖÆ¡·¡¢Âå¿ËµÄ¡¶Õþ¸®ÂÛ¡·¡¢ÃϵÂ˹ð¯µÄ¡¶ÂÛ·¨µÄ¾«Éñ¡·¡¢Â¬ËóµÄ¡¶Éç»áÆõÔ¼ÂÛ¡·¡¢µÒæ÷µÄ¡¶¹«·¨µÄ±äǨ¡·¡¢°ÂÍУ®ÂõÒ®µÄ¡¶µÂ¹úÐÐÕþ·¨¡·¡¢ÄªÀï˹£®°ÂÀïÎڵġ¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ó빫·¨¾«Òª¡·µÈ¡£ÕâЩ¹«·¨¾µäÖø×÷¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃǽñÌìµÄʱ´úÎÞÒÉÈÔÓÐ×ÅÖØÒª¶ø²»¿ÉÌæ´úµÄÖ¸µ¼×÷Ó㬵«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǽñÌìµÄʱ´ú³ýÁËÐèÒªÕâЩ¹«·¨¾µäÖø×÷ËùÌṩµÄ¾µä˼ÏëºÍÀíÂÛÖ¸µ¼Í⣬»¹ÐèÒª¸ü¶à¸üÌù½üÎÒÃÇʱ´ú£¬¸üÖ±½Ó¡¢¸ü¾ßÌ嵨·´Ó³ÎÒÃÇʱ´úÌØÕ÷µÄÐÂ˼Ïë¡¢ÐÂÀíÂÛµÄÖ¸µ¼¡£¾Ý´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÕâÌ×Òë´ÔµÄÑ¡Ìâ»ù±¾È·¶¨Îª±¾ÊÀ¼Í³ö°æ»òÉÏÊÀ¼ÍºóÆÚ³ö°æµÄ¹úÍ⹫·¨ÃûÖø¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÊÕÈëÎÒÃÇÕâÌ×Òë´ÔµÄÖø×÷»ù±¾ÊǹúÍâ½ü¶þÊ®ÄêÃæÊÀµÄÐÂÖø¡£ÀýÈ磬¡¶ÏÜ·¨½âÊÍ£ºÎı¾º¬Òå¡¢Ô³õÒâͼÓë˾·¨Éó²é¡·(Constitu¡ªtional Interpretation£º7extual Meaning£¬Original Intent¡¯and JudicialReview)³ö°æÓÚ1999Ä꣬¡¶Ó¢¹úÓëÃÀ¹úµÄ¹«·¨ÓëÃñÖ÷¡·(Public Law andDemocracy in the United Kingdom and the United States of America)³ö°æÓÚ1990Ä꣬ ¡¶È¨Àû¸ïÃüÖ®ºó£ºÖØËܹæÖƹú¼Ò¡·(After the RightsRevolution£ºReconceiving the Regulatory State)³ö°æÓÚ1990Äꡯ ¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨µÄ·¶Î§¡·(The Province of Administrative Law)³ö°æÓÚ1997Ä꣬¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨Ñ§µÄ½á¹¹ÐÔ±ä¸ï¡·³ö°æÓÚ1996Ä꣬¡¶¹æÖÆ£º·¨ÂÉÐÎʽÓë¾¼ÃѧÀíÂÛ¡·(Regulation£ºLegal Form and EconomicÁËheory)³ö°æÓÚ1994Äꡯ¡¶·¨¹úÐÐÕþ·¨¡·(French Administrative Law)³ö°æÓÚ1998Ä꣬¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨I£®¢ò¡·³ö°æÓÚ2003Äê¡£
Æä´Î£¬ÎÒÃDz߻®ºÍ×éÖ¯³ö°æÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±ÊÇÊÊӦͳһ¹«·¨Ñ§Ñо¿µÄÐèÒª¡£´«Í³¹«·¨Ñ§Ñо¿¹«·¨£¬ÍùÍùÖ»Ñо¿¸ö±ðµÄ¡¢¾ßÌåµÄ¹«·¨²¿ÃÅ£¬ÈçÏÜ·¨¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨¡¢ËßËÏ·¨µÈ£¬¶øºÜÉÙÓÐÈ˽«Õû¸ö¹«·¨µ±×öÒ»¸öϵͳ¡¢Ò»¸öÕûÌ壬¶ÔÖ®×÷È«·½Î»µÄ¡¢ÏµÍ³µÄÑо¿¡£¶ø×ÔÉÏÊÀ¼ÍºóÆÚÒÔÀ´£¬Ëæ×ÅÈËÃǶԲ¿ÃŹ«·¨Ñо¿µÄÉîÈ룬Ðí¶àѧÕß¿ªÊ¼Ì½ÌÖ¸÷²¿ÃŹ«·¨µ÷ÕûµÄÕûÌå·¨ÂɹØÏµÒ»Ò»Õû¸ö¹«È¨Á¦Ö÷ÌåÓ빫ȨÁ¦Ïà¶ÔÈ˵ĹØÏµ£¬¿ªÊ¼Ñо¿¸÷²¿ÃŹ«·¨µ÷ÕûÕû¸ö¹«È¨Á¦µÄͳһ¹æÂÉ£¬¿ªÊ¼´´Á¢Í³Ò»µÄ¹«·¨Ñ§¡£ÎªÊÊÓ¦¹«·¨Ñо¿ºÍ¹«·¨Ñ§·¢Õ¹µÄÕâÒ»Ç÷ÊÆ£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÈ«Ãæ½éÉܹúÍâ¸÷ÁìÓò¡¢¸÷²¿ÃŹ«·¨Ñо¿µÄ³É¹û£¬ÌرðÊǶԹ«·¨×÷ÕûÌåÑо¿µÄ³É¹û¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Ç°ÊöÏÖÒѳö°æµÄÊýÌ×Òë´Ô¶Ô¹«·¨µÄ½éÉÜ´ó¶àÊDz¿ÃÅÐԵĺÍÁãÉ¢µÄ£¬»òÏÞÓÚÏÜ·¨£¬»òÏÞÓÚÐÐÕþ·¨£»»òÏÞÓÚʵÌ壬»òÏÞÓÚ³ÌÐò£»»òÏÞÓÚijһ¹ú±ð(Èç·¨¹ú¹«·¨)£¬»òÏÞÓÚijһ·¨Ïµ(ÈçÓ¢ÃÀ·¨ÏµµÄÏÜ·¨ÓëÐÐÕþ·¨)¡£¶øÎÒÃÇÕâÌ×Òë´Ô£¬ÆäÑ¡Ìâ¼ÈÓÐÏÜ·¨ÎÊÌ⣬ҲÓÐÐÐÕþ·¨ÎÊÌ⣬»¹ÓÐͳһ¹«·¨Ñ§ÎÊÌ⣻
¼ÈÓÐʵÌåÎÊÌ⣬ҲÓгÌÐòÎÊÌ⣻¼ÈÓÐÒ»°ãÃñÖ÷ºÍÈËȨÎÊÌ⣬ҲÓоßÌåµÄÐÐÕþ¹æÖƺͲƲúÕ÷ÊÕ¡¢Õ÷ÓÃÎÊÌ⣻¼ÈÓÐÅ·ÃÀ¹«·¨ÎÊÌ⣬ҲÓÐÑÇÖÞ¹«·¨ÎÊÌâ(Èç¡¶ÐÐÕþ·¨¹¤£®¢ò¡·£¬´ËǰÎÒ¹úËÆºõ»¹Ã»Óгö¹ýº«¹ú¹«·¨Ñ§Öø×÷µÄÖÐÒë±¾)¡£Óɴ˹ÛÖ®£¬ÎÒÃÇÕâÌ×Òë´ÔÎÞÒɽ«ÎªÎÒ¹ú¹«·¨Ñ§ÈËͳһºÍϵͳµØÑо¿¹«·¨Ìṩ½ÏÈ«ÃæµÄËØ²Ä¡£
ÔٴΣ¬ÎÒÃDz߻®ºÍ×éÖ¯³ö°æÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±Ò²ÊÇÊÊÓ¦ÎÒ¹úÅàÑø¸ß¼¶¹«·¨Ñо¿È˲ŵÄÐèÒª¡£ÔÚÉϸöÊÀ¼Í¼´½«½áÊøµÄ×îºóÒ»Äê(1999Äê)£¬ÎÒ¹úͨ¹ýÏÜ·¨ÐÞÕý°¸£¬½«¡°ÒÀ·¨Öιú£¬½¨ÉèÉç»áÖ÷Òå·¨Öιú¼Ò¡±È·¶¨ÎªÎÒ¹úµÄ·¢Õ¹Ä¿±êºÍÖιú·½ÂÔ¡£½¨Éè·¨Öιú¼ÒÉæ¼°´óÁ¿ÐèÒªÑо¿ºÍ½â¾öµÄ¹«·¨ÎÊÌ⣬Ϊ´ËÒ²¾ÍÐèÒªÅàÑøºÍÔì¾ÍÒ»´óÅú¸ßËØÖʵĹ«·¨È˲š£ÕâЩÈ˲Ų»½öÐèÒª¶®µÃÒ»°ãµÄ¹«·¨ÀíÂÛºÍÎÒ¹úµÄ¹«·¨ÔË×÷µÄʵ¼ù£¬»¹ÌرðÐèÒªÁ˽â¹úÍⲻͬ·¨Ïµ¡¢²»Í¬ÖƶÈϹ«·¨µÄ»ù´¡ÀíÂÛºÍÔË×÷ʵ¼ù£¬´Ó¶øÄÜÒÆÖ²¡¢½è¼ø¶ÔÎÒ¹úÓÐÓá¢ÓÐÒæµÄ¹«·¨ÖƶȺÍÀíÂÛ£¬ÑóΪÖÐÓá£ÕýÊdzöÓÚÕâÖÖ¿¼ÂÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒâʶµØ¹ÄÀøÒ»Åú±ÏÒµ²»¾Ã(¸ö±ðÉÐδ±ÏÒµ)µÄ¹«·¨Ñ§²©Ê¿£¬µ£µ±ÎÒÃÇÕâÌ×´ÔÊéµÄ·Òë´óÈΡ£ÕâЩ²©Ê¿¼ÈÓй«·¨Ñ§µÄרҵ֪ʶ£¬ÓÖÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÍâÓ﹦µ×£¬ÄܽϺõر£Ö¤·ÒëÖÊÁ¿(Ö»¶®ÍâÓï¶ø²»¶®×¨ÒµµÄÈË£¬ÊǺÜÄÑʤÈÎÕâÖָ߶ÈרҵÐÔÖø×÷µÄ·ÒëÖØÈεÄ)¡£Í¬Ê±£¬×îÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâЩÄêÇáµÄ²©Ê¿ÃÇͨ¹ý·ÒëÕâЩ¹«·¨Ñ§ÃûÖø£¬½«¸üÈ«Ãæ¡¢¸üÉîÈëµØÑ§Ï°ºÍÕÆÎÕÏÖ´ú¹«·¨Ñ§µÄÔÀí¡¢ÔÔò£¬´Ó¶øÊܵ½ÏÖ´ú×îÇ°ÑØ¹«·¨Ë¼ÏëºÍÀíÂÛµÄѬÌÕ£¬ÎªÆä³É³¤ÎªÎÒ¹úÐÂÒ»´ú¹«·¨Ñ§¶°ÁºÖ®²Ä´òºÃÔúʵµÄÀíÄîºÍ֪ʶ»ù´¡£®
ÒÔÉÏÈýµã£¬ÊÇÎÒÃDz߻®ºÍ×éÖ¯³ö°æÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±µÄ³õÖÔ£¬Ò²ÊÇÎÒÃÇÊÔͼʹÕâÌס°¹«·¨Òë´Ô¡±¾ßÓеÄÌØÉ«¡£µ±È»£¬ÎÒÃǵijõÖÔÄÜ·ñʵÏÖ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓûʹÕâÌ×Òë´Ô¾ßÓеÄÌØÉ«ÄÜ·ñ×îÖÕʵ¼ÊÏÔÏÖ£¬»¹Óдýʱ¼äµÄ¼ìÑé¡£
ÊÇΪÐò¡£
½ªÃ÷°²
2006Äê8Ô¹¤ÈÕÓÚ±±¾©°ËÀïׯ
Copyright © 1999-2024 ·¨ÂÉͼÊé¹Ý
.
.