[ ΤÅà³É ]¡ª¡ª(2006-7-16) / ÒÑÔÄ49202´Î
£´¡¢Ñ°ÕÒÆäËûµÄ;¾¶£ºÈçÔöÉèÑÓÆÚ½ÉÄɺͻºÆÚ½ÉÄÉÖÆ¶È£»¸ÄÒ»´ÎÐÔ½ÉÇå»òÕß¿ÉËæÊ±Ö´ÐпÉÖ´ÐвƲúΪ·£½ðµÄ·ÖÆÚ½É¸¶»òÕßÒÔ¹¤×÷ÊÕÈëµÄ°Ù·Ö±È½É¸¶µÈµÈ·½Ê½À´»º½âì¶ÜµÄ³åÍ»¡£
½áÂÛ
97ÐÌ·¨ÐÞ¶©ÒÔÀ´,¼ÓÉÏÎåÌõÐÞÕý°¸ºÍÒ»¸ö¡¶¹ØÓÚ³ÍÖÎÆ¹ºÍâ»ã¡¢ÌÓ»ãºÍ·Ç·¨ÂòÂôÍâ»ã·¸×ïµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·,Ŀǰ¹²ÓÐÒ»°ÙËÄÊ®°Ë¸öÌõ¿îµ±ÖÐÌá¼°·£½ð£¬Éæ¼°×ïÃûÒ»°Ù°ËÊ®Îå¸ö£¬ÔÚÎÒ¹ú˾·¨Êµ¼ùÖÐ, ר¼ÒѧÕß¶ÔÓйط£½ðÐ̵Ĺ㷺ÊÊÓã¬ÊÊÓ÷½Ê½£¬¼°·£½ðÊý¶îµÄÁ¢·¨¹æ¶¨£¬·£½ðµÄ½ÉÄÉ·½Ê½µÈ·½ÃæÓÐ×Ų»¼ä¶ÏµÄ̽ÌֺͷÖÎö.±ÊÕß²»¸ÊÍý×ԷƱ¡,´ÓÐÌ·£µÄ¹¦ÄÜÓëÄ¿µÄ×ÅÊÖ£¬ÔËÓþ¼Ã·ÖÎö·¨Ñ§µÄ½Ç¶È˼¿¼ºÍ·ÖÎö¹ú¼Ò¹«È¨ÀûʹÓÃÔÚ·£½ðÐÌÖÆ¶ÈÊÊÓõijɱ¾£¬µÃ³ö¹ú¼ÒÖ»ÄÜͨ¹ý¶ÔÓÐÏÞµÄÐÌ·£×ÊÔ´µÄºÏÀíÅäÖã¬ÒÔ¼°¸÷Öֳɱ¾ÄÚ²¿µÄ¾ßÌåÅäÖùØÏµ£¬Á¦ÇóÒÔÏà¶Ô½ÏСµÄ³É±¾À´ÊµÏÖÏà¶Ô½Ï´óµÄÐÌ·£Ä¿µÄ½áÂÛ¡£Í¬Ê±½ç¶¨ÀíÐÔ·¸×ïÕßÒÔ¼°·¸×ïÐÐΪµÄÄ£ÐÍ,·¸×ïºÍÊØ·¨µÄÊÕÒæ±È½Ï,·¸×ïÕß·¸×ïÊÕÒæºÍ·¸×ï³É±¾,ÔËÓþ¼Ã·ÖÎö·½Éè¼Æ³öÒ»ÖÖÈ·¶¨·£½ðÊý¶îµÄ¼ÆË㹫ʽ£¬D=L£¯P.²¢Ô¤ÉèÒ»ÖÖ·£½ðÐÌ×î¼ÑÖÆ²Ãģʽ¼°ÊÊÓõĹæÔò,Ìá³öÕâÑùµÄ¹æÔòÖ»ÓÐÔÚÏÖÓÐÖÆ¶ÈÖ®ÄÚ²ÅÄÜ×î´óÏ޶ȵķ¢»Ó³öÆäЧ¹û¡£ÔÚ·ÖÎö·£½ðÐ̵ÄÖ´ÐÐÇé¿öÏÂÌá³öÁËһЩÓÐЧÂʵķ£½ðÖ´Ðз½·¨¡£ÈçÔÚÎÒ¹úÏÖÐÐÐÌ·¨Öеķ£½ðÐÌÖÆ¶È½¨Á¢¼¤Àø»úÖÆ£¬°Ñ·£½ð½ÉÄÉÒåÎñÈ˺ͷ£½ðʵ¼Ê½ÉÄÉÈËÏà·ÖÀ룬³ä·Öµ÷¶¯Æð±»Ö´ÐÐÈ˼°Æä¼ÒÊôÂÄÐÐÒåÎñµÄÖ÷¶¯ÐÔ£»ÔöÉè·£½ðÐÌÒ׿ÆÖƶȣ¬¿ÉÒÔ½«·£½ðÒ׿ÆÎªÀÍÎñºÍ×ÔÓÉÐÌ£»ÔÚËßËϽø³ÌÖжԿÉÄÜÅд¦·£½ðÌṩµ£±£ÖƶȵȵȾßÌå·½·¨£» ·£½ðÎÊÌⲩ´ó¾«ÉÎÄÕ¼¸¾É¾¸Ä£¬ÈÔÈ»Éî¾õÖ»ÊǹÜÖпú±ª£¬Î¨ÆÚÍûÄܹ»ÔÚ×ÔÉíµÄÀí½â·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ¶ÔÏà¹ØÎÊÌâÓÐËù´¥¶¯£¬Ï£ÍûÄܹ»µÃµ½¸ü¶àµÄÅúÆÀ¼û½Ì£¬¶ÔÉîÈëѧϰÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£
ÖÂл
×Ô2002Äê½øÈë±±¾©ÁÖÒµ´óѧ·¨Ñ§×¨ÒµÑ§Ï°ÒÔÀ´£¬¶úå¦Ä¿È¾ÁËÎÒ¹ú·¨Ñ§½ü¼¸ÄêµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ñöÌýÁË·¨Ñ§Ïµ¸÷λÓÅÐã½ÌʦµÄ¾«²Ê¿Î³Ì¡£ËÄÄêÇóѧÉúÑÄÖУ¬ÇÐʵ¸ÐÊܵ½ÎÒ¹ú·¨Ñ§×¨ÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹Ç±Á¦,¹¹½¨ÁË×ÔÉí¶Ô·¨Ñ§×¨ÒµµÄºê¹ÛÂÖÀª¡£×«Ð´±¾ÎĵÄͬʱ£¬×Ô¼ºÔÚרҵÀíÂÛºÍרҵʵϰµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÓÖÓÐÁËÒ»´ÎÀíÂ۵ķÉÔ¾¡£µ±±¾ÎÄ»®ÉÏ×îºóÒ»¸ö¾äºÅʱ£¬Ã»Óие½ÈçÊÍÖØ¸ºµÄÇáËÉ£¬·´¶øÆ½ÌíÁ˼¸·ÖǸ¾ÎºÍ²»°²¡£ÎÒÉî¿ÌÌå»áµ½ÖйúµÄÒ»¾äÀÏ»°£º¡°Ñ§¶øºóÖª²»×㡱£¬ÏÖΨÓм¤Àø×Ô¼º£ºÑ§ÎÞÖ¹¾³¡£´ÓÈ¥ÄêÆßÔ¿ªÊ¼Ë¼¿¼,Àú¾É¸Ñ¡£¬È·¶¨Ñ¡Ì⣬Ȼºó¿ªÌ⣬¾ÀúÁËÒ»¸ö´ºÌìµÄ»ýÀÛ£¬ÂÛÎĵĽøÕ¹ÔÚ½ñÄêÎåÔ·ݲÅʼ¼û³ÉÐÍ¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÎÒ³ä·ÖÌåζÁËËùνÔÐÓýÎÄÕÂÖ®²»Ò×£¬Ò²Éî¿ÌÈÏʶµ½×Ô¼ºÑ§Ê¶ÔÄÀúµÄÏÁÕ£¬×¨Òµ¹¦µ×µÄdz±¡£¬¼¸´ÎÉî¿Ö×Ô¼ºÁ¦Óв»´þ£¬ÄÑÒÔ´ï³ÉÆÚÍû¡£·£½ðÎÊÌⲩ´ó¾«ÉÎÄÕ¼¸¾É¾¸Ä£¬ÈÔÈ»Éî¾õÖ»ÊǹÜÖпú±ª£¬Î¨ÆÚÍûÄܹ»ÔÚ×ÔÉíµÄÀí½â·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ¶ÔÏà¹ØÎÊÌâÓÐËù´¥¶¯£¬Ï£ÍûÄܹ»µÃµ½¸ü¶àµÄÅúÆÀ¼û½Ì£¬¶ÔÉîÈëѧϰÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£ÌرðÐèÒªÌá³öµÄÊÇ£¬ÔÚд±¾ÎÄʱ£¬µÃµ½ÁËÎÒµÄÖ¸µ¼ÀÏʦÐìÆ½¶Ô±¾ÂÛÎÄÔڽṹºÍÄÚÈÝÉϵÄϸÐÄÖ¸µ¼ºÍ°ïÖú,ÄÑÒÔÓÃdz±¡µÄÎÄ×ÖÈ¥±í´ïÕâÑùµÄ¸Ðл֮Ç顣ͬʱ¸Ðл±±¾©ÁÖÒµ´óѧ·¨Ñ§ÏµµÄ¸÷λÀÏʦ,ÔÚÎÒ±¾¿ÆËÄÄêÆÚ¼ä¸øÓèÎÒµÄѧÊõÖ¸µ¼ºÍ°ïÖú¡£ËûÃǵÄÀíÂÛѧʶºÍÖпÏÒâ¼ûʹÎÒÊÜÒæ·Ëdz¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
[1]ÁÖɽÌï.ÐÌ·£Ñ§[M]£®Ì¨ÍåÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý. 1983: 127.
[2]Ðì°®¹ú¡¢Àî¹ðÁÖ¡¢¹ùÒå¹ó£®Î÷·½·¨ÂÉ˼ÏëÊ·[M]£®±±¾©£º±±¾©´óѧ£®2002£º 393£396 £®
[3]¸ßÃúêÑ¡¢Âí¿Ë²ý£®ÐÌ·¨Ñ§[M]£®±±¾©£º±±¾©´óѧ£¦¸ßµÈ½ÌÓý£®2000£º228£249£®
[4]ÁõÒÔ¾ü£®¶ÔÎÒ¹úÐÌ·¨²Æ²úÐÌÖÆ¶ÈµÄ˼¿¼£®
[EB/OL] £®http://www.chinalawinfo.com/fzdt/xwnr.asp?id=11305£®
[5]ËïÁ¦.·£½ðÐÌÑо¿[M]£®ÖйúÈËÃñ¹«°²´óѧ.1995: 44.
[6]ÕÅÃ÷¿¬£®Íâ¹úÐÌ·¨¸ÙÒª[M]£®Ç廪´óѧ³ö°æÉ磮1999 £º393 £®
[7]Íõƽ£®¼òÂÛÕýÈ·ÊÊÓòƲúÐÌ£®
[EB/OL] £® http://www.courtwind.org/xsyd/fxyj_view.asp?id=8£®
[8]·®ÊØÂ»£®ÎÒ¹úÐÂÐÌ·¨·£½ðÐÌÑо¿[N]£®ºÓ±±·¨Ñ§£®1998£2 £¨38£©£®
[9] [Ó¢]¼ªÃו±ßÇßÖø£¬ËïÁ¦µÈÒ룺Á¢·¨ÀíÂÛ¡ªÐÌ·¨µäÔÀí[£Í] £®ÖйúÈËÃñ¹«°²´óѧ1993£º78£®
[10] [Òâ]±´¿¨ÀïÑÇÖø£¬»Æ·çÒ룺ÂÛ·¸×ïÓëÐÌ·£[£Í] £®Öйú·½Õý³ö°æÉç 2003£º 53 £®
×ܹ²5Ò³¡¡¡¡[1] [2] [3] 4 [5]
ÉÏÒ»Ò³¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÏÂÒ»Ò³